Indian History for UPSC, SSC, Railways, Law Entrance and other competitive exams (Ancient + Medieval + Modern)

PART 1: ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY

1. Prehistoric Period

Important sites:

• Bhimbetka (MP) – Prehistoric cave paintings.

• Mehrgarh – Early agriculture and domestication.

• Burzahom (Kashmir) – Pit dwellings.

• Inamgaon (Maharashtra) – Chalcolithic settlement.

• Daojali Hading (Assam) – Neolithic site.

2. Indus Valley Civilisation (2600–1900 BCE)

• Also known as Harappan Civilisation.

• Bronze Age urban civilisation.

• Discovered in 1921 by Daya Ram Sahni (Harappa).

• Mohenjo-daro excavated in 1922 by R.D. Banerji.

• Known for town planning, drainage and brick houses.

• Script: Undeciphered.

• Economy: Agriculture, trade and crafts.

• Religion: Mother Goddess and Pashupati-like seal.

Important sites and features

Important facts:

• Great Bath – Mohenjo-daro.

• Dancing Girl – Bronze statue, Mohenjo-daro.

• Priest-King – Mohenjo-daro.

• Harappans knew copper, bronze and gold but not iron.

• Cotton cultivation was practised.

• Horse evidence is limited and debated.

3. Vedic Period (1500–600 BCE)

Four Vedas

1. Rigveda – Oldest Veda; hymns.

2. Samaveda – Music and chants.

3. Yajurveda – Sacrificial rituals.

4. Atharvaveda – Charms, medicine and daily life.

Important facts:

• Gayatri Mantra – Rigveda.

• Purusha Sukta – Rigveda.

• Upanishads – Philosophical texts.

• Brahmanas – Ritual explanations.

• Aranyakas – Forest texts.

• Vedic river – Saraswati and Sindhu.

4. Buddhism and Jainism (6th Century BCE)

Buddhism

• Founder: Gautama Buddha.

• Born: Lumbini (563 BCE, traditional date).

• Enlightenment: Bodh Gaya.

• First sermon: Sarnath.

• Mahaparinirvana: Kushinagar.

• Main teachings: Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path.

• Language of early Buddhist texts: Pali.

• Symbol: Dharma Chakra.

Four Noble Truths:

1. Life involves suffering (Dukkha).

2. Desire causes suffering.

3. Ending desire ends suffering.

4. Eightfold Path leads to the end of suffering.

Jainism

• 24 Tirthankaras.

• First Tirthankara: Rishabhanatha.

• 23rd: Parshvanatha.

• 24th: Mahavira.

• Mahavira born at Kundagrama (traditionally 599 BCE).

• Attained Kaivalya.

• Main principle: Ahimsa (non-violence).

• Three Jewels: Right Faith, Right Knowledge, Right Conduct.

• Jain texts: Agamas.

Buddhist Councils

5. Mahajanapadas and Magadha

• 6th century BCE – 16 Mahajanapadas.

• Important Mahajanapadas: Magadha, Kosala, Vatsa, Avanti, Kashi.

• Magadha became the most powerful kingdom.

• Early capital: Rajgir (Rajagriha).

• Later capital: Pataliputra.

Important dynasties of Magadha:

• Haryanka – Bimbisara, Ajatashatru.

• Shishunaga – Shishunaga, Kalashoka.

• Nanda – Mahapadma Nanda, Dhana Nanda.

6. Mauryan Empire (322–185 BCE)

• Founder: Chandragupta Maurya.

• Mentor: Chanakya (Kautilya).

• Book: Arthashastra.

• Greek ambassador: Megasthenes.

• Book by Megasthenes: Indica.

• Capital: Pataliputra.

Important rulers

Ashoka:

• Kalinga War: Around 261 BCE.

• Adopted a policy of Dhamma after the war.

• Promoted Buddhism.

• Inscriptions mainly in Prakrit and Brahmi script.

• Sarnath Lion Capital is India’s National Emblem.

• Ashoka Chakra appears on the national flag.

Decline: Last ruler Brihadratha was killed by Pushyamitra Shunga in 185 BCE.

7. Post-Mauryan Period

• Shunga Dynasty – Founded by Pushyamitra Shunga.

• Kanva Dynasty – Founded by Vasudeva.

• Indo-Greeks – Menander (Milinda).

• Kushana Dynasty – Kanishka.

• Satavahana Dynasty – Gautamiputra Satakarni.

Kanishka:

• Fourth Buddhist Council traditionally associated with him.

• Patronised Mahayana Buddhism.

• Capital: Purushapura (Peshawar).

• Gandhara art flourished under Kushanas.

Satavahanas:

• Important dynasty of Deccan.

• Capital: Pratishthana (Paithan).

• Gautamiputra Satakarni was a major ruler.

• Issued lead coins extensively.

• Prakrit was widely used.

8. Gupta Empire (320–550 CE)

Important personalities:

• Kalidasa – Abhijnanashakuntalam, Meghaduta.

• Aryabhata – Aryabhatiya; astronomy and mathematics.

• Varahamihira – Brihat Samhita.

• Amarasimha – Amarakosha.

• Vishakhadatta – Mudrarakshasa.

• Fa-Hien – Chinese traveller during Chandragupta II.

Important facts:

• Decimal system developed significantly.

• Gold coins called Dinaras.

• Ajanta paintings flourished.

• Sanskrit literature reached great heights.

• Nalanda became a major centre of learning.

9. Harshavardhana (606–647 CE)

• Founder of Pushyabhuti/Vardhana rule.

• Capital: Kannauj.

• Chinese traveller: Hiuen Tsang (Xuanzang).

• Author of three Sanskrit plays: Ratnavali, Nagananda and Priyadarshika.

• Banabhatta wrote Harshacharita and Kadambari.

• Defeated by Pulakeshin II near the Narmada.

10. Ancient South Indian Kingdoms

Chola Empire:

• Rajaraja I – Built Brihadeeswara Temple, Thanjavur.

• Rajendra I – Founded Gangaikonda Cholapuram.

• Strong naval power.

• Uttaramerur inscriptions – Local self-government.

PART 2: MEDIEVAL INDIAN HISTORY

1. Early Medieval India

Important dynasties

Tripartite Struggle: Three powers fought for control of Kannauj:

• Palas

• Pratiharas

• Rashtrakutas

2. Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)

Five dynasties

Important rulers and facts

Qutbuddin Aibak

• Founder of Delhi Sultanate.

• Started construction of Qutub Minar.

• Known as Lakh Baksh.

Iltutmish

• Completed Qutub Minar.

• Introduced silver Tanka and copper Jital.

• Organised the Iqta system.

• Received Caliph’s recognition.

Razia Sultan

– First and only woman ruler of Delhi Sultanate.

Balban

• Policy of blood and iron.

• Strengthened monarchy.

• Introduced strict court etiquette.

Alauddin Khalji

• Market control policy.

• Military reforms.

• Introduced Dagh (horse branding) and Chehra (soldier description).

• Mongol invasions were repelled.

• Malik Kafur led southern campaigns.

Muhammad bin Tughlaq

• Transfer of capital: Delhi to Daulatabad.

• Introduced token currency.

• Increased taxation in Doab.

• Known for ambitious but unsuccessful experiments.

Firoz Shah Tughlaq

• Built canals and public works.

• Established Diwan-i-Khairat.

• Established Diwan-i-Bandagan.

• Made several taxes hereditary.

Ibrahim Lodi

• Defeated by Babur in First Battle of Panipat (1526).

• End of Delhi Sultanate.

3. Vijayanagara and Bahmani Kingdoms

Vijayanagara Empire (1336)

• Founders: Harihara I and Bukka Raya I.

• Capital: Vijayanagara (Hampi).

• Famous ruler: Krishnadevaraya.

• Dynasty: Tuluva.

• Book by Krishnadevaraya: Amuktamalyada.

• Battle of Talikota: 1565.

• Defeated by Deccan Sultanates.

Bahmani Kingdom (1347)

• Founder: Alauddin Bahman Shah.

• Capital: Gulbarga; later Bidar.

• Famous minister: Mahmud Gawan.

• Later divided into five Deccan Sultanates.

4. Mughal Empire (1526–1857)

Important battles:

• First Battle of Panipat (1526) – Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi.

• Battle of Khanwa (1527) – Babur defeated Rana Sanga.

• Battle of Chausa (1539) – Sher Shah defeated Humayun.

• Battle of Kannauj/Bilgram (1540) – Sher Shah defeated Humayun.

• Second Battle of Panipat (1556) – Akbar’s forces defeated Hemu.

Akbar’s administration:

• Mansabdari system.

• Land revenue reforms by Raja Todar Mal.

• Religious policy: Sulh-i-Kul.

• Ibadat Khana at Fatehpur Sikri.

• Din-i-Ilahi introduced in 1582.

• Akbarnama by Abul Fazl.

• Ain-i-Akbari by Abul Fazl.

Shah Jahan:

• Taj Mahal – Agra.

• Red Fort – Delhi.

• Jama Masjid – Delhi.

• Peacock Throne.

Aurangzeb:

• Reimposed Jizya in 1679.

• Annexed Bijapur (1686) and Golconda (1687).

• Mughal Empire reached its greatest territorial extent.

5. Sher Shah Suri (1540–1545)

• Founded Sur Empire.

• Introduced the Rupiya (silver coin).

• Improved Grand Trunk Road.

• Built sarais along roads.

• Introduced administrative and revenue reforms.

• Tomb at Sasaram, Bihar.

6. Bhakti and Sufi Movements

Bhakti Movement

Sufi Movement

• Chishti order – Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti.

• Nizamuddin Auliya – Famous Chishti saint.

• Suhrawardi order – Bahauddin Zakariya.

• Sufism emphasised love, devotion and spiritual discipline.

7. Maratha Empire

• Born: 1630, Shivneri Fort.

• Parents: Shahaji Bhosale and Jijabai.

• Coronation: 1674, Raigad.

• Founded the Maratha kingdom.

• Council of eight ministers: Ashtapradhan.

• Revenue: Chauth (25%) and Sardeshmukhi (10%).

• Naval strength: Built and strengthened coastal forts.

• Treaty of Purandar: 1665, with Jai Singh I.

Ashtapradhan:

• Peshwa – Prime Minister.

• Amatya – Finance.

• Sachiv – Correspondence.

• Mantri – Intelligence.

• Senapati – Military.

• Sumant – Foreign affairs.

• Nyayadhish – Justice.

• Panditrao – Religious matters.

Important Maratha rulers:

• Sambhaji Maharaj – Son and successor of Shivaji.

• Rajaram – Continued resistance against Mughals.

• Tarabai – Led Maratha resistance.

• Shahu Maharaj – Recognised Peshwa authority.

• Balaji Vishwanath – First powerful Peshwa.

• Baji Rao I – Expanded Maratha power.

• Madhavrao I – Restored Maratha strength.

Important battles:

• Third Battle of Panipat (1761) – Marathas defeated by Ahmad Shah Abdali.

  • Cabinet Mission – 1946.

  • Interim Government – 2 September 1946.

  • Constituent Assembly first met – 9 December 1946.

  • Mountbatten Plan – 3 June 1947.

  • Indian Independence Act – 18 July 1947.

  • Independence – 15 August 1947.

  • India and Pakistan became independent dominions.

  • First Prime Minister – Jawaharlal Nehru.

  • First President of Constituent Assembly – Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha (temporary).

  • Permanent President – Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

    Battle of Palkhed (1728) – Baji Rao I defeated Nizam-ul-Mulk.

    1. Arrival of Europeans in India

    European power	Arrival / establishment	Important facts
    Portuguese	1498	Vasco da Gama reached Calicut
    Dutch	1602	Dutch East India Company
    English	1600	English East India Company
    Danish	1616	Danish East India Company
    French	1664	French East India Company

    Important facts

    • Vasco da Gama reached India in 1498.

    • First Portuguese Governor – Francisco de Almeida.

    • Blue Water Policy – Francisco de Almeida.

    • Goa captured by – Alfonso de Albuquerque (1510).

    • English East India Company established – 1600.

    • First English factory in India – Surat (1613).

    • French headquarters – Pondicherry.

    • Battle of Wandiwash (1760) – British defeated French.

    2. Important Battles of British Expansion

    Battle	Year	Result
    Battle of Plassey	1757	Robert Clive defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah
    Battle of Buxar	1764	British defeated combined Indian forces
    Battle of Wandiwash	1760	British defeated French
    Third Anglo-Mysore War	1790–92	Tipu Sultan defeated
    Fourth Anglo-Mysore War	1799	Tipu Sultan killed
    First Anglo-Maratha War	1775–82	Treaty of Salbai
    Second Anglo-Maratha War	1803–05	British victory
    Third Anglo-Maratha War	1817–18	End of Peshwa rule
    First Anglo-Sikh War	1845–46	British victory
    Second Anglo-Sikh War	1848–49	Punjab annexed

    Important personalities

    • Siraj-ud-Daulah – Nawab of Bengal during Plassey.

    • Mir Jafar – Became Nawab after Plassey.

    • Mir Qasim – Opposed British interference.

    • Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan – Mysore rulers.

    • Tipu Sultan – Known as Tiger of Mysore.

    3. Governor-Generals and Viceroys

    Governor-General / Viceroy	Important contribution
    Warren Hastings	First Governor-General of Bengal
    Lord Cornwallis	Permanent Settlement (1793)
    Lord Wellesley	Subsidiary Alliance
    Lord William Bentinck	Abolition of Sati (1829)
    Lord Dalhousie	Doctrine of Lapse; railways
    Lord Canning	First Viceroy of India
    Lord Lytton	Vernacular Press Act (1878)
    Lord Ripon	Local Self-Government
    Lord Curzon	Partition of Bengal (1905)
    Lord Hardinge II	Capital shifted to Delhi (1911)
    Lord Chelmsford	Rowlatt Act; Jallianwala Bagh
    Lord Irwin	Gandhi-Irwin Pact
    Lord Linlithgow	Quit India Movement
    Lord Wavell	Wavell Plan
    Lord Mountbatten	Partition and Independence

    Frequently asked facts

    • First Governor-General of Bengal – Warren Hastings.

    • First Governor-General of India – Lord William Bentinck.

    • Last Governor-General and first Viceroy – Lord Canning.

    • First Indian Governor-General – C. Rajagopalachari.

    • First Governor-General of independent India – Lord Mountbatten.

    4. Important British Acts

    Act	Year	Main provision
    Regulating Act	1773	Governor-General of Bengal
    Pitt’s India Act	1784	Board of Control
    Charter Act	1813	Ended most trade monopoly
    Charter Act	1833	Governor-General of India
    Charter Act	1853	Legislative and executive separation
    Government of India Act	1858	Company rule ended
    Indian Councils Act	1861	Legislative councils expanded
    Indian Councils Act	1892	Indirect representation expanded
    Morley-Minto Reforms	1909	Separate electorates
    Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms	1919	Dyarchy in provinces
    Government of India Act	1935	Provincial autonomy
    Indian Independence Act	1947	India and Pakistan created

    Remember:

    • 1773 – First major parliamentary control over Company.

    • 1858 – Rule transferred to British Crown.

    • 1909 – Separate electorates for Muslims.

    • 1919 – Dyarchy introduced in provinces.

    • 1935 – Provincial autonomy and proposed federation.

    5. Land Revenue Systems

    System	Introduced by	Area
    Permanent Settlement (1793)	Cornwallis	Bengal, Bihar, Odisha
    Ryotwari System	Thomas Munro and Alexander Read	Madras, Bombay
    Mahalwari System	Holt Mackenzie	North-Western Provinces and parts of North India

    Important differences

    • Zamindari – Revenue collected through zamindars.

    • Ryotwari – Direct settlement with cultivators.

    • Mahalwari – Settlement with village/estate communities.

    6. Social and Religious Reform Movements

    Reformer	Organisation / contribution	Year
    Raja Ram Mohan Roy	Brahmo Samaj	1828
    Swami Dayanand Saraswati	Arya Samaj	1875
    Swami Vivekananda	Ramakrishna Mission	1897
    Atmaram Pandurang	Prarthana Samaj	1867
    Jyotirao Phule	Satyashodhak Samaj	1873
    Annie Besant	Theosophical Society in India; Home Rule	—
    Sir Syed Ahmad Khan	Aligarh Movement	—
    Narayana Guru	Social equality movement	—
    Pandita Ramabai	Women’s education and reform	—
    Savitribai Phule	Girls’ education	—

    Important organisations

    • Brahmo Samaj – Against social evils and idol worship.

    • Arya Samaj – Back to the Vedas.

    • Ramakrishna Mission – Service and spiritual upliftment.

    • Satyashodhak Samaj – Against caste discrimination.

    • Prarthana Samaj – Social and religious reform.

    • Aligarh Movement – Modern education among Muslims.

    • SNDP Yogam – Social reform in Kerala.

    7. Revolt of 1857

    Causes

    • Political – Doctrine of Lapse and annexations.

    • Economic – Exploitation of peasants and artisans.

    • Military – Discrimination against Indian soldiers.

    • Religious/social – Fear of interference in traditions.

    • Immediate cause – Greased cartridges controversy.

    Important leaders and centres

    Leader	Centre
    Mangal Pandey	Barrackpore
    Bahadur Shah Zafar	Delhi
    Nana Saheb	Kanpur
    Tantia Tope	Central India
    Rani Lakshmibai	Jhansi
    Begum Hazrat Mahal	Lucknow
    Kunwar Singh	Bihar
    Khan Bahadur Khan	Bareilly
    Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah	Faizabad

    Results

    • East India Company rule ended.

    • Government of India Act 1858 passed.

    • Crown took direct control.

    • Governor-General became Viceroy.

    • Army was reorganised.

    8. Formation of Indian National Congress

    • Established – 1885.

    • Founder/organiser – A.O. Hume.

    • First session – Bombay.

    • First president – W.C. Bonnerjee.

    • First session venue – Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College.

    • 72 delegates attended.

    Important INC sessions

    Year	Place	President / Significance
    1885	Bombay	W.C. Bonnerjee; first session
    1886	Calcutta	Dadabhai Naoroji
    1906	Calcutta	Dadabhai Naoroji; Swaraj resolution
    1907	Surat	Split between Moderates and Extremists
    1916	Lucknow	Lucknow Pact
    1920	Calcutta	Special session; Non-Cooperation approval
    1920	Nagpur	Non-Cooperation programme reorganised
    1924	Belgaum	Gandhi presided
    1929	Lahore	Jawaharlal Nehru; Poorna Swaraj
    1931	Karachi	Fundamental rights resolution
    1938	Haripura	Subhas Chandra Bose
    1939	Tripuri	Subhas Chandra Bose re-elected

    9. Important National Movements

    Movement	Year	Important facts
    Swadeshi Movement	1905	Against Bengal partition
    Home Rule Movement	1916	Tilak and Annie Besant
    Champaran Satyagraha	1917	Indigo farmers; Bihar
    Ahmedabad Mill Strike	1918	Textile workers
    Kheda Satyagraha	1918	Peasant tax relief; Gujarat
    Rowlatt Satyagraha	1919	Against Rowlatt Act
    Non-Cooperation Movement	1920	Withdrawn in 1922
    Civil Disobedience Movement	1930	Dandi March
    Quit India Movement	1942	Do or Die

    Important events

    • Partition of Bengal – 1905, Lord Curzon.

    • Muslim League founded – 1906, Dhaka.

    • Surat Split – 1907.

    • Jallianwala Bagh massacre – 13 April 1919.

    • General Dyer ordered firing.

    • Chauri Chaura incident – 1922.

    • Simon Commission arrived – 1928.

    • Dandi March began – 12 March 1930.

    • Gandhi broke salt law – 6 April 1930.

    • Gandhi-Irwin Pact – 1931.

    • Poona Pact – 1932.

    • Quit India resolution – 8 August 1942.

    10. Revolutionary Movement

    Revolutionary	Important contribution
    Vasudev Balwant Phadke	Early armed resistance
    Chapekar Brothers	Assassination of Rand and Ayerst
    Khudiram Bose	Muzaffarpur conspiracy
    Bhagat Singh	HSRA; Assembly bombing
    Chandrashekhar Azad	HSRA
    Rajguru	Lahore conspiracy
    Sukhdev	Lahore conspiracy
    Ram Prasad Bismil	Kakori conspiracy
    Ashfaqulla Khan	Kakori conspiracy
    Surya Sen	Chittagong Armoury Raid
    Madam Bhikaji Cama	Flag at Stuttgart, 1907
    Lala Hardayal	Ghadar Movement
    V.D. Savarkar	India House revolutionary activities

    Important organisations

    • Anushilan Samiti – Bengal.

    • Abhinav Bharat – Founded by V.D. Savarkar and associates.

    • Ghadar Party – 1913, USA.

    • Hindustan Republican Association – 1924.

    • HSRA – 1928.

    11. Important Committees, Missions and Plans

    Event	Year	Importance
    Simon Commission	1927	No Indian member
    Nehru Report	1928	Constitutional proposal
    Lahore Resolution	1940	Demand for separate states
    August Offer	1940	Constitutional assurance
    Cripps Mission	1942	Post-war constitutional proposal
    Wavell Plan	1945	Executive Council proposal
    Cabinet Mission	1946	Constitutional framework
    Mountbatten Plan	1947	Partition plan

    12. Important Personalities and Titles

    Personality	Popular title / contribution
    Mahatma Gandhi	Father of the Nation (popular title)
    Bal Gangadhar Tilak	Lokmanya
    Gopal Krishna Gokhale	Political Guru of Gandhi
    Dadabhai Naoroji	Grand Old Man of India
    Subhas Chandra Bose	Netaji
    Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel	Iron Man of India
    Jawaharlal Nehru	First PM of independent India
    Sarojini Naidu	Nightingale of India
    Lala Lajpat Rai	Punjab Kesari
    Rabindranath Tagore	Gurudev
    B.R. Ambedkar	Architect of Indian Constitution
    C.R. Das	Deshbandhu
    Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan	Frontier Gandhi

    13. Independence and Partition

• PART D – MOST IMPORTANT ONE-LINER REVISION

  These facts are particularly useful for SSC and Railway objective questions.

  Question	Answer
  Oldest Veda?	Rigveda
  Great Bath found at?	Mohenjo-daro
  Dockyard found at?	Lothal
  Founder of Mauryan Empire?	Chandragupta Maurya
  Author of Arthashastra?	Kautilya
  Kalinga War?	c. 261 BCE
  Allahabad Pillar inscription?	Samudragupta
  Vikramaditya title?	Chandragupta II
  Brihadeeswara Temple?	Rajaraja I
  Founder of Delhi Sultanate?	Qutbuddin Aibak
  First woman Sultan?	Razia Sultan
  Market reforms?	Alauddin Khalji
  Token currency?	Muhammad bin Tughlaq
  Founder of Vijayanagara?	Harihara and Bukka
  Founder of Mughal Empire?	Babur
  Din-i-Ilahi?	Akbar
  Taj Mahal?	Shah Jahan
  Khalsa founded?	Guru Gobind Singh, 1699
  Coronation of Shivaji?	1674
  Third Battle of Panipat?	1761
  Vasco da Gama reached India?	1498
  Battle of Plassey?	1757
  Battle of Buxar?	1764
  Permanent Settlement?	1793
  Revolt of 1857?	First major uprising against British rule
  INC established?	1885
  First INC President?	W.C. Bonnerjee
  Bengal partition?	1905
  Muslim League founded?	1906
  Jallianwala Bagh?	1919
  Non-Cooperation Movement?	1920
  Dandi March?	1930
  Quit India Movement?	1942
  Independence?	15 August 1947

  PART E – IMPORTANT YEARS TO MEMORISE

  Ancient & Medieval History

  Year	Event
  563 BCE*	Birth of Buddha
  599 BCE*	Birth of Mahavira
  322 BCE	Mauryan Empire established
  261 BCE	Kalinga War
  320 CE	Gupta imperial period begins
  606 CE	Harshavardhana’s reign begins
  712 CE	Arab conquest of Sindh
  1206	Delhi Sultanate begins
  1290	Khalji dynasty begins
  1336	Vijayanagara founded
  1347	Bahmani Kingdom founded
  1526	Mughal Empire begins
  1556	Second Battle of Panipat
  1565	Battle of Talikota
  1674	Shivaji’s coronation
  1707	Death of Aurangzeb

  Modern History

  Year	Event
  1498	Vasco da Gama arrives
  1600	English East India Company
  1757	Battle of Plassey
  1764	Battle of Buxar
  1773	Regulating Act
  1793	Permanent Settlement
  1829	Sati abolished
  1857	Revolt of 1857
  1885	INC established
  1905	Bengal partition
  1906	Muslim League established
  1907	Surat Split
  1919	Jallianwala Bagh
  1920	Non-Cooperation
  1922	Chauri Chaura
  1928	Simon Commission
  1929	Poorna Swaraj resolution
  1930	Dandi March
  1932	Poona Pact
  1942	Quit India
  1946	Cabinet Mission
  1947	Independece